Friendship The Four Characteristics Of True Friendships

As we go through life, we encounter many people on a day-to-day-basis. Over time, those encounters form relationships, typically friendships. While we may have many friends, we may only have a few true friends. When the term â€Å"true friend† is mentioned, certain people may come to mind. But what exactly defines a true friend? True friendship can be classified by four main characteristics: similar interests, good influence, common values, and commitment to happiness. Similar interests can cause initial interaction and provide a common ground for people. By acquiring or possessing a similar interest with someone, you have provided yourself with common ground with another person. This common ground that you now share with the other person†¦show more content†¦Similar to common interests, common values create an emotional tie between the two parties. When the two have similar values, they can sympathize with the other, which creates that emotional tie. However, if the opinions of both parties are drastically different on a majority of topics, it becomes difficult for true friendship to flourish. When both parties hold opposing values to the other, arguments could ensue and lead to a toxic friendship. A key characteristic that defines a true friend is if they are a good influence. True friends typically provide balance to one another, pushing one another to reach their full potentials and not succumb to imperative influences. When balance is created between true friends, both parties benefit from this mutual positive influence. One example from my personal life is my relationship with my best friend. Both myself and my best friend are good influences on one another, as we bring out the best in each other and push one another to reach our full potentials. As true friends, we act as positive influences on one another to push forward and to reach our full potential, even if the situation we are in is difficult and troublesome. Not only do we act as g ood influences on one another, helping the other become a model person, but we act as positive influences on each other, acting for the happiness and good of the other person. Most importantly, mutual commitmentShow MoreRelatedGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1246 Words   |  5 Pagessupplies, and money that the family needed (Rathus, 2010). There are four main differences between the genders: physical, cognitive, personality, and behaviors. Physical differences are the most obvious differences between genders. Those differences come from the primary and secondary sex characteristics. The primary sex characteristics of females are their ovaries and males have testes. As far as secondary sex characteristics, females tend to have wider hips and smaller bodies and males tend toRead MoreThis Essay Will Evaluate The Use Of Observation As A Method1388 Words   |  6 PagesBandura et al. cited in Oates (2012). 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There are many connections to be made between characters throughout Till We Have Faces and the four different types of love: Storge, Philia, Eros, and Agape. Each of the four loves plays a part in the plot of the st ory. The first of these loves is storge. Storge, Greek for affection, is the love in which physical features do not have importance. An example would be a love for a family member or close friend (Four Loves 31-32).Read MoreThe Lewis s The Four Loves Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagesthe book, The Four Loves, Lewis dissects the different forms of love. There are many connections to be made between characters throughout Till We Have Faces and the four different types of love: Storge, Philia, Eros, and Agape. Each of the four loves plays a part in the plot of the story. The first of these loves is storge. Storge, Greek for affection, is the love in which physical features do not have importance. 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A Whisper of Aids Rhetorical Analysis Paper - 795 Words

Shayan Momin Momin 1 Mr. Pople AP English III, Period 7 12 October 2012 Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS† In 1891, Voltairine de Cleyre wrote The Philosophy of Selfishness and Metaphysical Ethics, critiquing the selfish and egoistic mindset of society. This same mindset is critiqued by Mary Fisher in â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS†. She uses rationally emotional rhetoric in order to criticize this â€Å"self-ism† that exists in the world. Fisher begins by speaking of the non-existent impacts of movements that have attempted to raise awareness about AIDS. She utilizes the word â€Å"despite† in consecutive phrases to show that â€Å"despite science and research† and â€Å"good intentions†, nothing significant has occurred because â€Å"the†¦show more content†¦The connotation of â€Å"killed† has a double effect. First, its negative connotation creates an image in one’s head of a mob of people destroying one another. It represents how severe the aftermath of the virus has been. The s econd effect, one that is deeper, and somewhat hidden, is that the word â€Å"killed† implies the killing of open-mindedness and selflessness. It shows how people hurt each other, knock each other down, and even kill each other for their own selfish desires. In this case, society has ignored the AIDS virus because they have the thought that â€Å"If I don’t have it, I shouldn’t care about it†. This kind of thinking has lay ruin for the victims of this virus, who have been hurt even more due to the ignorance of society towards such a major problem. Fisher refers to empirics in order to prove the detrimental effects of having a selfish society. She speaks of how her grandfather had heard the Pastor Niemoeller say that when â€Å"[the Nazis] came after the Jews†, he didn’t protest because he wasn’t a Jew. When the Nazis â€Å"came after the Trade Unionists†, the pastor did not protest because he wasn’t a Trade Unionist. But when the Nazis â€Å"came after [the pastor]†, â€Å"there was no one left to protest†. The parallelism used here helps to better define the impacts of a self-minded society, supporting the speaker’s main purpose which is to critique the â€Å"self-ism† thatShow MoreRelatedArt of Public Speaking5805 Words   |  24 Pagesaddresses the problem of websites that sell complete speeches and papers. Here, as elsewhere in the book, I emphasize the importance of firm ethical standards in every aspect of public speaking. Audience-Centeredness As the world has become more complex, so have the challenges of audience analysis and adaptation. The revised version of Chapter 5 reflects that fact in several ways. First, it grounds the process of audience analysis and adaption in the concept of identification. 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ÃŽËœThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. To George Blin, Profesor at the Collà ¨ge de France, whithout whom none of these pages would have been started. CONTENTS A NoteRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics

Marketing Plan for Apple iPhone 8 the Australian Market †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Plan for Apple iPhone 8. Answer: Introduction The purpose of thismarketing plan is to increase the sales of iPhone 8 in the Australian market. There are many challenges in the market that it seeks to address. The report will also help Apple to make good use of the resources at its disposal. Background of Apple and iPhone 8 Apple is leading in the Australian market in innovation with iPhones, iOS, watchOS, Apple Watch, and other essential technological devices. The global corporation was founded by two college dropouts, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, in the mid-1970s. The company started by developing phone prank tools for individuals who wanted to avoid the high fees associated with long-distance calling. Tim Cook is the current CEO of the company following the death of Steve Jobs. Apple is expected to launch iPhone 8 in September 2017, and after months of debate about how this phone will look like, the company has revealed that it will have an OLED display. This is a new display for Apple, though Samsung has been using it for a few years. Apple iPhone 8 will feature an all-glass design and a bigger screen. In a recent interview, the companysmarketing chief said that the device would allow users to control their smart homes, create calendar events by giving voice commands, and play music. The OLED-display device will have wireless charging and is expected to cost approximately $ 1000 in the U.S. and Australia (Reisinger 2017; Clover 2017). Situation Analysis (PESTEL and SWOT) in Australia There are has been a delay in the launch of iPhone 8 due to some reasons. The political, legal, economic, socio-cultural, technological, and environmental factors in Australia can be behind this. However, most of these factors have also enabled the company to thrive in the market (Palmatier Sridhar 2017). PESTEL Analysis Politics While the Australian market is friendly to global businesses and encourages innovation, recent political developments in Australia may have an impact on Apples ability to introduce and sell iPhone 8 successfully. An accusation that Apple has been pulling ads from Australian Chinese-language media that is not friendly towards Beijing puts the company in bad light. The Australia media reported that the company had done the same in the U.S. and China. The Vision China Times manager who oversees the papers advertising in Australia said that the last time they had iPhone ads was in October 2015. Australia government official has also been asked not to put on Apple watches when executing their official duties as they could be used to spy the government (Wroe 2016; Palmatier Sridhar 2017). Economics The recent global economic global meltdown affected the stability of many countries. In 2012, as the company was expecting an income of US$ 10.37 per share, it reported US$ 9.32 per share. Instead of selling approximately 351 million iPhones in the third quarter, it sold 26 million. The company attributed this poor performance to the poor performance in the European market and a strong U.S. dollar. The Australian government, however, responded that its economy is stable and the drop is sale could be caused by competition from similar local and international products (Tindal 2012). Social Factors The anti-U.S sentiment in various markets affects the sake of Apple brands. There are market segments that prefer products made by Australian-owned companies. Changing preferences and tastes on particular products is also a factor. Demographic and urbanization trends in Australia are, however, favorable to the brand. Besides, the product is compatible with most people in the country. In a way, this has also caused a problem. The current hype around iPhone 8 is hurting the sale of Apples products as most people in Australia and waiting to buy the new product (Increasing Awareness 2010). Technological Factors The past decade has seen significant changes in the technological world that have altered the market dynamics. These changes, according to credible sources, put the company on the verge of losing its market position in Australia to Google. Lenovo and HP have remained strong in the PC industry making it difficult for Apple to succeed in the same market (Haile 2016; Burns 2010). Environmental Factors Apple produces a lot of greenhouse effect from its manufacturing process and during the use and disposal of its products. These wastes are dangerous. The Australian government is increasingly focused on controlling the impact of this business. Apple is also more focused on reducing toxins from its products (Mccarthy 2015; Clapperton Corones 2007). Legal Issues The Australian government has put in place product-related laws, intellectual property laws, and patent-related laws. Some of these laws are a major challenge for Apple and other tech players. In 2016, it faced a design-related patent from a small startup. The company has also entered the murky waters of Apple Pay, which can bring it to a new zone of bitter financial regulations (Clapperton Corones 2007). SWOT - Strengths and Weaknesses of the Company Product Apple has many strengths and weaknesses. It is a strong brand and has a substantial amount of resources to engage in various research and development opportunities and remain competitive. The industry expects that iPhone 8 will be unique and meet their communication needs. By launching new products such as Apple pay and iPhone 8, Apple can enter new markets. On the other hand, the company has difficulty dealing with global politics. Together with the current hype around iPhone, it has a lot of work to do (Clapperton Corones 2007). SWOT - Opportunities and Threats Apple has many opportunities and faces many threats too. The company is a global tech giant, and that makes it easier for it to win the political support of the Australian government. It can also rely on its wealth of resources to design technological devices that no other company has done. The plan to launch iPhone 8 has left the industry wondering what awaits them. Political, economic, and social factors threaten Apple. The company should work on being more competitive, the impact of the current hype, and impact of its current pricing schemes so as to remain on top in the market (Mccarthy 2015). Ansoffs Strategic Opportunity Matrix Market Penetration Apple still needs to penetrate the market despite having a considerable share of it. It is already losing its customers to Google and other tech giants. The anticipated iPhone 8 should meet the expectations of customers so that the company wins back the trust of its former customers from the competition. By using better pricing scheme, the company can convince its current users to use more of its products (Ansoff 2007; Jiang 2015). Market Development While market penetration comes with lower risks, Apple should target its non-buying customers in its current segments. If the iPhone 8 is profitable, adequately modified to meet current needs, and targets the middle-class buyers, it will help them develop new markets (Ansoff 2007). New Product Development Currently, Apple is beyond this strategy in the Australian Market. While the company believes that its strength lies in its customers, it does not need to go back to this stage as it already has a new product to launch (Jiang 2015). Diversification Apples SWOT analysis indicates that it can succeed in new markets within Australia with the iPhone 8. At a business unit level, the company will be able to expand into a new market segment in its current industry. The failure of one product will not lead to a collapse. Apple should focus on market penetration and product development as it has passed these stages (Ansoff 2007). BCGs Portfolio Matrix Dogs Dogs tie a lot of money in Apples Australian Market but has little potential. iPhone 8 ties a lot of money, but given the anticipation for its launch, it has a lot of potentials, and therefore, does not fit here (Schawel Billing 2009). Stars Stars have a relatively strong market share and generate a lot of cash. iPhone 8 is popular in the market but still generates no cash. So it does not fit here as well (Schawel Billing 2009). Cash Cows Cash cows are leaders in a mature market and exhibit a return on assets that is more than the market growth rate. They provide the money needed to turn question marks into market leaders. iPhone 8 has no mature market yet (Schawel Billing 2009). Question marks Question marks are growing steadily and consume a lot of money. However, they have no or a low market share. Apple iPhone 8 is at this stage. As per the market analysis, this product, nonetheless, is worth the investment to grow the market share and turn it into a market leader. Objectives of the Plan The objective of this marketing plan is to increase the market share by 70 percent from 1 Oct 2016 to 30 Sep 2017. For this to happen, the product should have been launched by 1 Oct 2016. There will be a delay to meet this timeline. However, using the same timeline, the company can meet this objective by adopting a comprehensive marketing plan (see marketing plan below) (Schawel Billing 2009). Apple iPhone 8 features are unique that has led the current popularity of the yet -to -be -launched device. Apple iPhone 8 is an OLED display device with wireless charging. The iPhone will feature an all-glass design and bigger screen, allow users to control their smart homes, create calendar events by giving voice commands, and play music. Target Market: Psychographics Apples target market is psychographics. Already the price has been set at about USD 1000, so the company should target those who buy good for psychological reasons. Price is not an issue to them. They enjoy quality over the economy and are concerned with their appearance. However, it should also consider demographics as well. Youths and households earning more than 100,000 USD can go for the product (Leverick 2015). Marketing Strategy (4Ps) Product Life Cycle Apple iPhone 8 is still at the introduction stage. The company should strategize against competitors, nonetheless. Currently, these competitors have not known all the features of this iPhone, so they are not able to produce a counterfeit. However, its targeted market like the product and will go for it immediately after its launch. That will take the phones life cycle to the growth stage. Competitors will try to produce cheaper alternatives. Apple will have made profits and at this point be able to use a better pricing scheme. After the maturity stage, the decline stage will come, and the product will be redesigned as part of its intensive growth strategy (Baker 2014). Place Apples will adopt a holistic approach to distribution. So as to increase market reach, the company will use the Apples Stores, authorized dealers, fulfillment services, Telecom companies, and online Apple Store and App Store (Baker 2014). Promotion Promotional activities that emphasize on the companies premium image and high product quality will be used. This strategy will support the business in reaching more target buyers. The components include personal selling, adverting through Apple Stores and its website, public relations, and sales promotion, which may involve selling the old version of iPhone at discounted prices (Baker 2014) Price Apple has been using premium pricing strategy, which puts emphasis on how the price represents the company and its products. For the current case, the company initially put a high price to break even within a year then reduce the price drastically as soon its competitors produce alternatives (Baker 2014) Implementation The introduction of Apple iPhone will begin on 1st Sept 2017. The growth stage is expected to begin immediately given the demand for the product. Regarding the place, already these facilities are available across Australia. Promotion, however, will begin one month before the launch. The premium pricing strategy will be effective from the first day, and the price will be reduced immediately the decline stage begins to set in. (Waal 2013). Evaluation Apple will set up an independent management team in Australia to monitor whether it is achieving its objectives. The success will be measured against the companys SMART strategic objectives. The team will report to the executive committee at least once a week on the progress of the implementation of the marketing plan (Waal 2013). Conclusion Apple has the next years to continue expanding and building its phone and storage empires. Its products inspire the Australian market. However, there are a few business challenges in the market that it ought to sort out so as to remain competitive. The company is set to launch iPhone 8, and it needs to plan strategically to increase its sales within one year by 70 percent. Apple can achieve its objective by implementing this marketing plan. Whenever its implementation team detects problems, it should work with the executives to find the right solutions within the right time References Ansoff, R 2007, Special memorial article: H. Igor Ansoff and strategic management reflections from the philosophers stone, Strategic Management, 1-8. doi:10.1057/9780230590601_1 Baker, M 2014, Marketing and Corporate Strategy, Marketing Strategy and Management, 25-59, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-34213-3_2 Burns, J 2010, Developing iPhone Games: peeking inside the iPhone Toolbox, Beginning iPhone Games Development, 13-19, doi:10.1007/978-1-4302-2600-0_2 Clapperton, D, Corones, S 2007, Technological tying of the Apple iPhone: Unlawful in Australia? QUT Law Review, 7(2), doi:10.5204/qutlr.v7i2.140 Clover, J 2017, The 2017 iPhone could cost upwards of $1,000, viewed May 14, 2017, f https://www.macrumors.com/2017/02/08/2017-iphone-8-1000-plus/ Haile, M 2016, Modelling of SWOT analysis using fuzzy integrals, doi:10.15405/epsbs.2016.08.12 Increasing awareness for your iPhone App, 2010, The Business of iPhone App Development, 345-375, doi:10.1007/978-1-4302-2734-2_10 Jiang, L 2015, Pay with Apple Pay, IOS eCommerce App Development with Parse, 137-141, doi:10.1007/978-1-4842-1317-9_13 Leverick, F 2015, Target market, Wiley Encyclopedia of Management, 1-1, doi:10.1002/9781118785317.weom090680 Mccarthy, M 2015, Apple software will allow researchers to gather health data from iPhones. Bmj, 350(Mar13 7), doi:10.1136/bmj.h1402 Palmatier, R. W, Sridhar, S 2017, Marketing strategy: implementing marketing principles and data analytics, Marketing Strategy, 259-278, doi:10.1057/978-1-137-52624-3_9 Reisinger, D 2017, The debate continues over Apple's 'iPhone 8' rumored debut, viewed May 14, 2017, https://fortune.com/2017/05/13/apple-iphone-8-launch-date// Schawel, C, Billing, F 2009, BCG-Matrix. top 100 management tools, 37-38, doi:10.1007/978-3-8349-8185-1_7 Tindal, S 2012, Apple: Aussie sales impacted by economy, viewed May 14, 2017, https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-aussie-sales-impacted-by-economy/ Waal, A 2013, Implementation of strategic performance management, Strategic Performance Management, 319-354, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-34918-7_13 Wroe, D 2016, Apple Watches stay out of Turnbull's cabinet room due to security fears, viewed May 14, 2017, https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/apple-watches-stay-out-of-the-turnbull-cabinet-room-as-tech-advances-stoke-security-fears-20161010-grz19e.html

Perfect day free essay sample

The definition of a perfect day could vary greatly among many different kinds of people, so for my own personal definition of a perfect day, I could not begin to define it with Just a few words. A single word such as fun or exciting simply could not come close to giving anyone a vision or feel of how great my day was. I will have to take you along with me through what I would consider to be a perfect day so that you could receive the proper vision of this day.First things first, temperature is a big key in how a day will turn out. Personally, I prefer the cold weather because I love having the excuse to have to have more clothes to keep me warm. Being in my house around Christmas time, while it is snowing outside, would be the perfect setting and most wonderful way to start off my day. We will write a custom essay sample on Perfect day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As my radii:alarm clock goes off, I Jump off my warm bed and sprint all the way to the curtains to see if the weatherman on the radio was right about it snowing outside.I fling the curtains open with a rush of excitement and to my surprise, like a scene from a movie, my front yard and the rest of my neighborhood is absolutely covered in white, fluffy snow! I grab the most adorable winter outfit out of my closet, rapidly put it on, grab the purse that matches my shoes, and go out to my car. As I am waiting for the car to warm up, I call up my best friends Allele and Lauren and tell them to meet me at Cataracts, my favorite coffee place. Allele and Lauren are my best friends because they are very laid-back girls with fantastic personalities with a wonderful sense of humor that never make me feel uncomfortable, so to hang out with them today or on any day makes me feel like the luckiest person on Earth. They both arrive at the same time and we all order our grandee vanilla lattes with bagels. The three of us decide to go Christmas shopping at the mall for our families and to buy gifts for one another.

The article being reviewed in this essay, Essays

The article being reviewed in this essay, Essays The article being reviewed in this essay, Essay The article being reviewed in this essay, Essay The article being reviewed in this essay, ‘Land Tenure Insecurity and Inequality in Nicaragua’ by Rikke J Broegaard, was written in September 2005 as a research paper for the Danish Institute for International Studies. It represents the continuance of research work carried out by Broegaard in this field. Indeed, it was the capable country of his PhD research. Indeed, in my sentiment, the most interesting facet of this survey is to compare the development of both methods and thoughts from Broegaard’s earlier work. Subsequently in this essay, I will be looking at an article carbon monoxide written by Broegaard in 2002, and will be looking more closely at how his work has developed. To decently reexamine this article, it is necessary to to the full understand the historical context of this research, and I will seek to make this briefly at the beginning of this paper. At the nucleus of this issue is the land expropriated under the Sandinista authorities jurisprudence that declared a piece of belongings abandoned if the proprietor was off for six months or more, three months if the proprietor went to the USA. The Sandinista authorities made land ownership for the hapless a precedence through the 1980’s, and under their land Torahs, land was parcelled out to 200,000 of the country’s poorest households by the manner of 30ft ten 15ft secret plans. Unfortunately, the authorities failed to supply rubrics to the land. When the Sandinista authorities fell in the 1990 elections, the full system crumbled. Previous landholders, who had fled Nicaragua, returned to the state to repossess the belongingss which they had abandoned. The authoritiess who have followed the Sandinistas into power have wholly failed to decide the land issues. Indeed the state of affairs appears to hold become more helter-skelter than of all time. As has been stated by Carol Hartman, â€Å"Nicaragua’s long term stableness could depend on deciding this thorny issue.† ( 1 ) This has non happened. Harmonizing to Mark Everingham: â€Å"The triumph of Arnoldo Aleman and the broad confederation in October 1996 raised optimism among 1000s of claimants who were disappointed with the Chamorro government’s willingness to suit Sandinista objectives.† ( 2 ) This optimism was short lived. New Torahs on belongings statute law introduced in February 1998 fell into pandemonium when the Supreme Court found that the authorities bureau had authorized the return of belongingss already titled to other parties. Claimants were forced to prosecute their instances entirely through the tribunals. The state of affairs was competently described by Mark Everingham in his article: â€Å"The sudden convergence of electoral democracy and neo-liberal rules thrust the establishment of belongings into a competition between resurgent confiscated involvements and embattled Sandinist constituents.† ( 3 ) The state of affairs has non truly changed to this twenty-four hours. Over shadowing this whole procedure is the issue of the legality of publishing rubrics without holding compensated the former landholders. Within this historical context, Broegaard has written this article to show and compare the sensed land term of office state of affairss of husbandmans within different legal term of office state of affairss. The survey was carried out in three neighboring small towns in south western Nicaragua. In entire 349 families were studied utilizing a combination of quantitive and qualitive methods. The group chosen to analyze were selected to stand for a widespread group of land term of office state of affairss and populating conditions. The survey included small town leaders, co-op leaders, leaders of the farm workers brotherhood, local spiritual leaders and the few affluent and powerful landholders in the country. I was ab initio uneasy with the thought of including these groups in the survey, seeing a potency for the consequences of a little survey to go deformed. But with the benefit of hindsight, I realised that Broegaard was seeking to understand this issue from all positions within the community and he was hence right to include these subdivisions within his survey group. On the web site of the ‘Danish Institute for International Studies’ , this article is introduced in the undermentioned footings: â€Å"A big group of husbandmans in the instance analyze country perceive their term of office state of affairs as being insecure despite the fact that they posses a legal rubric to their land. The article argues that more attending must be paid to facets such as inequalities of wealth and power, deficiency of enforcement and deficiency of nonpartisanship on the portion of the formal establishments when turn toing term of office security in an institutionally unstable puting, such as that found in Nicaragua.† ( 4 ) Broegaard has sought to accomplish these consequences by understanding the complexness of the issues in topographic point, and has moved off from the conceptual model of land term of office security which was developed chiefly by economic experts. Broegaard states that: â€Å"Over the decennaries a re-conceptualization has emerged through the integrating of findings from ( legal ) anthropologists and history.† ( 5 ) He goes on to province that: â€Å"The re-conceptualization brings into the argument the thought that a deficiency of single land rubrics does non needfully intend that the land term of office is insecure, and that single formal rubrics may non significantly strengthen term of office security.† ( 6 ) This re-conceptualization is discussed at great length by Broegaard within this article and is really much at the nucleus of the treatment countries and his decisions. This new conceptual model has allowed him to acknowledge that â€Å"corruption, high costs of land rubrics and a really expensive legal system preclude effectual and equal enforcement of land rubrics, particularly for hapless, little graduated table farmers.† ( 7 ) It has besides allows an accent to be placed upon differences of wealth and power between family, and the development of the thought that rubrics can supply tenure security to some families but non to others. As a remark against what Broegaards describes as econometric surveies, he stated that â€Å"this focal point sidestepped the fact that ; in many contexts, title ownership is non needfully equated with holding a high degree of term of office security.† ( 8 ) This re-conceptualization represents a ample displacement in accent from old articles by Broegaard, and in peculiar, an article co-written in 2002. The article entitled ‘Property Rights and Land Tenure Security in Nicaragua’ took a much more economic position of this relationship, something which is non surprising, sing the support organic structure. In this survey, Broegaard used what he called arrested development analyses. He states that: â€Å"Regression analyses is used to research channels through which belongings rights influence socio-economic results. It is found that formal land paperss cut down term of office insecurity, heighten the value of land, promote consumption of perennial harvests and thereby hike harvest outputs. Formal rubric workss are superior to set down reform paperss. Land rubric has no consequence on recognition, contrary to common premises. Support for land titling appears justified on both equality and efficiency grounds.† ( 9 ) In their decisions to this article, Broegaard, Heltberg and Moller assert the followers: â€Å"The advantage of formal land paperss is that they cut down term of office insecurity and heighten the value of the land. They besides provide better inducements to put in the land and prosecute in long term land usage such as turning perennial harvests, including java. All this consequences in higher end product. Lack of formal rubric and term of office insecurity adversely affect smallholders, and chiefly the poorest among them. There are hence strong statements on both efficiency and equity evidences for intercessions to clear up rights.† ( 10 ) The inquiry must hence be how or why did Broegaard move from a place of comparative certainty sing the benefits of land titling in the 2002 article, to his place of comparative ambiguity in the article under reappraisal? It could be the consequence of a complete alteration of point of view in the three old ages between the two articles, but I do non believe this to be the instance. There is a brief intimation of what was to come at the very terminal of the 2002 article, when he concludes the followers: â€Å"However, the reply to tenure security should non be limited to reforming the land disposal. There is besides a demand for effectual and impartial struggle declaration, and enforcement of belongings rights, for greater stableness and legitimacy of authorities establishments, and for improved governance.† ( 11 ) I believe that the reply to our inquiry lies in the methodological analysis used for the two articles. The displacement from an economic method of looking at statistical informations for accounts, to an anthropological and history based method of field research has been mostly responsible for this alteration in analyses. It is this methodological analysis which forms the anchor of this article and is its great strength. The re-conceptualization procedure that Broegaard has gone through has led to a interrupting down of what defines term of office security. It is no longer what we believe tenure security to be, but the husbandmans ain perceptual experiences and appraisals of their term of office state of affairs which become of import. In specifying his footings, Broegaard states that: â€Å"It will be assumed that husbandmans assessment of their term of office security degree will be influenced by their subjective apprehension of their legal term of office state of affairs, their general outlook sing authorities enforcement and equality of the jurisprudence, every bit good as their appraisal of their entree to the authorities establishments they might necessitate in instance of a conflict.† ( 12 ) He goes on to province that: â€Å"By using the construct of tenure security as seen from the position of the landowners, this survey attempts to supply a broader apprehension of the elements involved in procuring entree and claims to set down, than that which is possible with a purely legal approach.† ( 13 ) I believe that this is a really different, and an highly of import attack to this annoyed inquiry. The attack is justified by Broegaard with the position that it is the sensed term of office state of affairs which is the footing for a landowner’s determination devising, a position I entirely concur with. Where I must go with Broegaard is in relation to the statement which followed: â€Å"The chief ground for this is that people do presume that moral or socially defined rights exist and hey behave consequently, irrespective of whether these are in conformity with formal rights.† ( 14 ) I must state that in a state with the history of Nicaragua, I find it really hard to believe that people truly do posses these premises. I believe that Broagaard is in danger of enforcing west European values and thoughts upon a people who live in a state where corruptness in authorities and within establishments has become the norm. The single narratives of Roberto, and Patrona and Arnofo help to make a image of life in rural Nicaragua, a life where force and menaces are used to act upon belongings minutess, and where the legal position of the land has become irrelevant in making security. We see a image of extremely unequal degrees of information, instruction and acquaintance with formal systems, and a state of affairs where wealth can be seen as the chief beginning of term of office security. Harmonizing to Broegaard, without money it is impossible to utilize the legal system to implement 1s belongings rights. The article shows illustrations of people corrupting functionaries to acquire consequences. Broegaard reflects that: â€Å"The fact that such patterns are mentioned openly shows that they are common and quashi-legitimized in today’s Nicaragua.† This image created by Broegaard non merely provides a valuable penetration into the issues of land term of office in Nicaragua, but besides helps to paint a image of life in the state as a whole. Whilst it is the position of Broegaard that this survey of a peculiar part can be seen as representative of the whole state, I would hold preferred to see the survey being conducted in different parts of the state to see if different forms emerged. This is a little point and non one which should take away from the value of this article as a valuable portrayal of life in this Cardinal American state. Footnotes: Carol Hartman – Who Owns Nicaragua? Madison Land Tenure Centre – State Journal Mark Everingham – Agricultural Property Rights A ; Political Change in Nicaragua in ‘Latin American Politics and Society’ autumn 2001 Ibid Danish Institute for International Studies – web site Rikke J Broegaard – Land Tenure Insecurity and Inequality in Nicaragua Ibid Ibid Ibid Rikke J Broegaard, Ramus Heltberg A ; Nikolas Malchow-Moller – Property Rights and Land Tenure Security in Nicaragua. Research paper for University of Copenhagen Centre for Economic and Business Research. Page 2 Ibid Page 25 Ibid Page 26 Prev cite Broegaard Ibid Ibid

Labor issues surrounding the Department of education

Labor issues surrounding the Department of education Introduction The education department is facing serious labor issues with teachers being mistreated and many saying that teachers are paid way below their qualification. This paper will thus discuss recent labor issues surrounding the department of education and their teachers, specifically those in Seattle, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Labor issues surrounding the Department of education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It will discuss whether any progress has been made to resolve the issues. The paper will finally discuss the importance these particular cases may have for future cases, particularly for the current situation in New York between the department of education and its employees. Discussion Recent labor issues surrounding the department of education and their teachers in Seattle In Seattle, teaching salaries vary depending on the academic level of the instructor, lo cality, and working experience. Teachers in the state, therefore, get different earnings for their work and this leads to discontentment with those salaries. Teachers at the bottom of the pay scale earn around $47,100 to $51,180 with their counterparts earning around $75,190 to $80,970. These high disparities have led to severe labor issues in the nation department of education (Amarachuku, 2011). The issue of teacher recruitment and retention is another labor issue in Seattle. The capability of teachers to enter and stick to the profession depends on the features of the school as well as the district in which the school is located. Some schools lack the policies required for efficient recruitment and retention of teachers and this has posed a serious labor issue in the state (Amarachuku, 2011). Mistreatment of teachers by principals is another labor issue facing the department of education in Seattle. Head teachers mistreat instructors in terms of ignoring their needs, isolating th em, holding back resources, overloading and even criticizing them (Amarachuku, 2011). Several actions have been taken to resolve the above issues in the state. For instance, school reform organizations in Seattle require that head teachers and instructors work together in a collaborative manner. School principals need to trust their teachers as well as the schools they lead.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This acts as a foundation for a friendly, honest and philosophical professional dialogue in the school organization and this makes it to develop as a powerful community of students who are responsible and competent. The educational department also requires that all teachers confront all types of administrative mistreatment that undermine them as instructors. Recent labor issues surrounding the department of education and their teachers in Wisconsin Teachers in Wis consin on February 26, 2011 protested the planned budget repairs by Governor Scott Walker. The Governor announced that the 2011-2013 budget would include more than $800 million cuts in school funding. This posed a great threat not only to the salaries of teachers, but also to the learning of students across the region. Many people were watching the outcome of the planned actions and it was seen that the outcome would influence negotiations between many state governments in the country and organized labor. Thousands of people working in the education sector were and are facing a lot of difficulties including pay cuts and layoffs. While commenting on the planned actions a special-ed teacher, Jim Kammer, said: â€Å"I knew going into education that some people didn’t like educators, and that’s okay, but this is just disrespectful. Both my husband and I are special-ed teachers, and we went into teaching hoping that we could afford a house and have a solid income to suppor t a family. Now we wonder if we’ll be able to keep our home. It’s not what we wanted for our family.† (Clark, 2011) This crisis caused many teachers to lose a lot of teaching time as schools across the Wisconsin district shutdown with some closing for three days during the first week of protests. The governor was opposed to increasing taxes and argued that the only way to tackle the budget deficit was by union-busting. Teachers across the region argue that the budget deficit is not unique to the region as many other states are facing the same predicaments in their 2012- 2013 budgets. According to Kevin Cunningham, an associate lecturer in the university of Wisconsin, the bill posed a great threat to future teachers; he says, I am trying to remain optimistic, but the bottom line is, is what we ask these future teachers to do worth it? No one goes into teaching expecting to make a lot of money, but people go in expecting to be treated as professionals who are capab le of making decisions about their classrooms, and this bill would strip that from them.† (Clark, 2011)Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Labor issues surrounding the Department of education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They argue that although Wisconsin falls in the middle compared to the other states, the worst hit states have not resulted to taking such draconian actions of cutting funding into the education system. The impact of this actions was seen in early March as many schools across Wisconsin began sending preliminary layoff notices to their teaching staff. By March 15, nine Wisconsin districts had given notices to schools to lay off teachers. The Walker’s planned budget repair bill was seen as one that would nullify union contracts held by teachers and this was going to affect many of those who stood to lose their employment without compensation (Clark, 2011). Although the region an d the country as a whole is experiencing large budget deficits, the way to tackle this problem should not be primarily based on reducing funding to schools and laying off teachers. The region should adopt the various ways that other regions in the country are adopting in response to the crisis without necessarily threatening the future of education. Recent labor issues surrounding the department of education and their teachers in Pennsylvania The major problem that is facing the department of education and teachers in Pennsylvania concerning work is that teacher wearing religious symbols in their classes are discriminated. There has been a law in the state of Pennsylvania since 1895 that punishes teachers who wear religious symbols in their classrooms (Andren, 2011). Under the law, any teacher found wearing them could be suspended for one year and if there is a repeat the teacher may be permanently disqualified. The school board members are also criminally liable if they fail to enf orce the law in their schools. This law has come under criticism from many people and Pennsylvanian teachers are fighting it terming as a violation of the first amendment. Teachers in the region have faulted the department of education for enforcing this law and currently there are two members of the Pennsylvanian legislature who are pushing a bill to repeal the law (Andren, 2011). In 2003 a teacher, Brenda Nicole, successfully won a case against her dismissal after she wore a cross necklace in class (KERR, 2011). In April of that year, Brenda was suspended without pay for one year and this led to her suing the school and the education department for wrongful dismissal.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After winning the case, she was re-instated to her former position and she now continues to serve in her former position as a teacher. This discrimination against teachers has in the past threatened to bring learning to a standstill in the region and, therefore, there is need to have the law repealed or struck down by courts as being unconstitutional (Andren, 2011). The law that discriminates teachers who wear religious symbols in the classrooms should be scrapped as it contravenes the first amendment. Teachers should be allowed to dress the way they want, as long as they are decent and follow the dressing code of schools (KERR, 2011). Importance of these particular cases for future cases particularly; how it could affect the current situation in New York between the department of education and its employees The current situation in the New York’s education sector comprises of about 780 employees losing their jobs as a result of layoffs. The layoffs are the result of budget c uts to academic institutions, and since this has taken place in the last four years, then school principals in the state are now forced into making tough verdicts concerning what and whom to survive without. In the last few years, school aides in New York have been protected from layoffs by federal funds though 5% of them have currently lost their jobs. Financial cuts in the State have cost 2186 instructors their full time working in the city schools. Teachers have been protected from layoffs mostly because of the Bloomberg agreement, which provides them with small allowances in exchange for security of their jobs. New York’s district committee is held responsible for the layoffs. The Department of education statistics shows that the layoffs have caused a large number of teachers to retire leading to several vacancies in the education department. The above cases in Seattle, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania help future cases, for example the cases of teacher layoffs in New York, to be solved. It is surprising that New York also recruits young teachers while laying off excess old teachers. The above cases have helped solve the current situation in New York. In this state, the effect of leadership on student success has become evident with principle makers placing more pressure on head teachers. Rewards and punishments affecting school heads have become increasingly common in the state with the New York law threatening to fire school heads as a probable consequence in poor performing academic institutions. In New York, a small portion of a principal’s pay is determined by the professional standards associated with learner outcomes. These trends signify an increasing acceptance that head teachers play a crucial role in influencing students achievements and should be accountable for it. As a result of the above cases, the role of the school head has swelled to encompass a staggering range of professional duties and competencies. Principals in New York are e xpected to be instructive visionaries, educational and syllabus leaders, evaluation experts, disciplinarians, society builders and guardians of contractual and official mandates. Principals in New York are expected to pay attention to the contradictory wants of students, parents, tutors and federal agencies. The demands of the teaching profession in New York have thus changed so that conventional methods of preparing principals are no longer sufficient to satisfy the leadership challenges in public institutions. References Andren, K. (2011, June). Legislation would allow Pennsylvania teachers to wear religious insignias. Web. Amarachuku, E. C. (2011, June). Finding plan b: critical remedy construction for school districts operating under education equity consent decrees post Seattle and Louisville. Web. Clark, M. (2011, March). Wisconsin Teachers, Students Face Uncertain Future. Web. KERR, C. (2011, September). Teachers’ Religious Garb as an Instrument for Globalization in Ed ucation. Web.

Micro-structure of ceramic, polymer and composite material Assignment

Micro-structure of ceramic, polymer and composite material - Assignment Example According to Whitney (2000), ceramic structures come in a variety and each structure has its own unique properties. For instance, some are very high thermal conductors while some don’t conduct heat at all but they possess other properties. Micro structures of Ceramics also vary in nature as some are pure glass, some crystalline and others are a combination of the two. Ceramics with glassy structures have properties that differ from metallic structures, and the difference in these properties is the atomic structure of the glass (Russell, 2009). Silica is the most common products that makeup glass where when it is fused together then placed in cold temperatures; the glass is formed. The main advantage of ceramic glass is its ability to be made into different shapes when it is still a soft plastic. Ceramics in crystalline form have the metallic and non-metallic atoms which should be balanced for the crystals to be made. During the crystallization, the arrangements in ions mainly determine the manner in which cells will be arranged. Whitney (2000) outlines that crystal structures are neutral in nature and the structures are closely parked together. These ceramics combines the properties of other materials to create a complete product, and they are hard in nature and mechanically stable. According to (Russell, 2009) Nitride ceramics are mainly used to cut wood materials due to their hardness. The process of making nitride ceramics is an irreversible process because of the arrangement in the lattices that are interchangeable. One of the main disadvantages of ceramics is the presence of impurities in the metals, and this affects its formation. There are also some defects that affect the neutrality of the atoms and these defects are, as a result displacement of atoms from their positions, therefore, creating a vacuum. Other shortcomings of ceramics are the formation of solids that lack clear chemical formulae due to their